The Snake Prince
by Andrew Lang · from The Olive Fairy Book
Adapted Version
Once upon a time, an old woman was very poor. She had no food. She was sad. She went to the river with her pot. A snake was inside her pot! She took the pot home. She wanted the snake to go away. But a pretty necklace fell out! It was shiny and nice.
The old woman showed the necklace to the king. The king liked it very much. He gave her some money. The old woman was very happy. She had food now.
The king put the necklace in a big chest. Later, he opened the chest. A baby boy was inside! The king and queen were surprised. They were very happy. They wanted a baby. They loved the baby boy. He grew up to be a prince.
The prince met a princess. They got married. They loved each other. But the princess's mother told her a secret. "Be quiet," she said. "Wait for the prince to tell his secret." The princess was quiet for a long time. The prince was sad.
One night, the prince took the princess to the river. "I am a magic snake," he said. Then he went into the water. The princess was very sad. She lived by the river. She was sad for a long time.
One morning, she saw mud on the floor. The next morning, there was more mud. She stayed awake at night. She saw a snake! "Who are you?" she asked. "I am your husband," said the snake. "I am the prince." The princess cried. "Can I help you?" she asked. "Yes," said the snake. "Put milk and sugar in your room. The Snake Queen will come. Ask her for me." Then the snake went away.
The princess put bowls of milk in her room. She waited. The Snake Queen came with many snakes. The princess was a little scared but brave. The big Snake Queen came near. "Give me back my husband!" said the princess. The Snake Queen looked at her. "You will have him soon," she said. The princess was very glad and sat down.
The next day, the princess put on a pretty dress. She made her house nice. At night, the prince came back! He was not a snake now. He was a man. They were so happy. They hugged and laughed.
They went to the king and queen. All were happy. The bells rang. The old woman helped with their children. They all smiled.
And so, love and bravery can fix any problem. They lived happy ever after.
Original Story
THE SNAKE PRINCE
Once upon a time there lived by herself, in a city, an old woman who
was desperately poor. One day she found that she had only a handful of
flour left in the house, and no money to buy more nor hope of earning
it. Carrying her little brass pot, very sadly she made her way down to
the river to bathe and to obtain some water, thinking afterwards to
come home and to make herself an unleavened cake of what flour she had
left; and after that she did not know what was to become of her.
Whilst she was bathing she left her little brass pot on the river bank
covered with a cloth, to keep the inside nice and clean; but when she
came up out of the river and took the cloth off to fill the pot with
water, she saw inside it the glittering folds of a deadly snake. At
once she popped the cloth again into the mouth of the pot and held it
there; and then she said to herself:
'Ah, kind death! I will take thee home to my house, and there I will
shake thee out of my pot and thou shalt bite me and I will die, and
then all my troubles will be ended.'
With these sad thoughts in her mind the poor old woman hurried home,
holding her cloth carefully in the mouth of the pot; and when she got
home she shut all the doors and windows, and took away the cloth, and
turned the pot upside down upon her hearthstone. What was her surprise
to find that, instead of the deadly snake which she expected to see
fall out of it, there fell out with a rattle and a clang a most
magnificent necklace of flashing jewels!
For a few minutes she could hardly think or speak, but stood staring;
and then with trembling hands she picked the necklace up, and folding
it in the corner of her veil, she hurried off to the king's hall of
public audience.
'A petition, O king!' she said. 'A petition for thy private ear
alone!' And when her prayer had been granted, and she found herself
alone with the king, she shook out her veil at his feet, and there
fell from it in glittering coils the splendid necklace. As soon as the
king saw it he was filled with amazement and delight, and the more he
looked at it the more he felt that he must possess it at once. So he
gave the old woman five hundred silver pieces for it, and put it
straightway into his pocket. Away she went full of happiness; for the
money that the king had given her was enough to keep her for the rest
of her life.
As soon as he could leave his business the king hurried off and showed
his wife his prize, with which she was as pleased as he, if not more
so; and, as soon as they had finished admiring the wonderful necklace,
they locked it up in the great chest where the queen's jewellery was
kept, the key of which hung always round the king's neck.
A short while afterwards, a neighbouring king sent a message to say
that a most lovely girl baby had been born to him; and he invited his
neighbours to come to a great feast in honour of the occasion. The
queen told her husband that of course they must be present at the
banquet, and she would wear the new necklace which he had given her.
They had only a short time to prepare for the journey, and at the last
moment the king went to the jewel chest to take out the necklace for
his wife to wear, but he could see no necklace at all, only, in its
place, a fat little boy baby crowing and shouting. The king was so
astonished that he nearly fell backwards, but presently he found his
voice, and called for his wife so loudly that she came running,
thinking that the necklace must at least have been stolen.
'Look here! look!' cried the king, 'haven't we always longed for a
son? And now heaven has sent us one!'
'What do you mean?' cried the queen. 'Are you mad?'
'Mad? no, I hope not,' shouted the king, dancing in excitement round
the open chest. 'Come here, and look! Look what we've got instead of
that necklace!'
Just then the baby let out a great crow of joy, as though he would
like to jump up and dance with the king; and the queen gave a cry of
surprise, and ran up and looked into the chest.
'Oh!' she gasped, as she looked at the baby, 'what a darling! Where
could he have come from?'
'I'm sure I can't say,' said the king; 'all I know is that we locked
up a necklace in the chest, and when I unlocked it just now there was
no necklace, but a baby, and as fine a baby as ever was seen.'
By this time the queen had the baby in her arms. 'Oh, the blessed
one!' she cried, 'fairer ornament for the bosom of a queen than any
necklace that ever was wrought. Write,' she continued, 'write to our
neighbour and say that we cannot come to his feast, for we have a
feast of our own, and a baby of our own! Oh, happy day!'
So the visit was given up; and, in honour of the new baby, the bells
of the city, and its guns, and its trumpets, and its people, small and
great, had hardly any rest for a week; there was such a ringing, and
banging, and blaring, and such fireworks, and feasting, and rejoicing,
and merry-making, as had never been seen before.
A few years went by; and, as the king's boy baby and his neighbour's
girl baby grew and throve, the two kings arranged that as soon as they
were old enough they should marry; and so, with much signing of
papers and agreements, and wagging of wise heads, and stroking of
grey beards, the compact was made, and signed, and sealed, and lay
waiting for its fulfilment. And this too came to pass; for, as soon as
the prince and princess were eighteen years of age, the kings agreed
that it was time for the wedding; and the young prince journeyed away
to the neighbouring kingdom for his bride, and was there married to
her with great and renewed rejoicings.
Now, I must tell you that the old woman who had sold the king the
necklace had been called in by him to be the nurse of the young
prince; and although she loved her charge dearly, and was a most
faithful servant, she could not help talking just a little, and so,
by-and-by, it began to be rumoured that there was some magic about the
young prince's birth; and the rumour of course had come in due time to
the ears of the parents of the princess. So now that she was going to
be the wife of the prince, her mother (who was curious, as many other
people are) said to her daughter on the eve of the ceremony:
'Remember that the first thing you must do is to find out what this
story is about the prince. And in order to do it, you must not speak a
word to him whatever he says until he asks you why you are silent;
then you must ask him what the truth is about his magic birth; and
until he tells you, you must not speak to him again.'
And the princess promised that she would follow her mother's advice.
Therefore when they were married, and the prince spoke to his bride,
she did not answer him. He could not think what was the matter, but
even about her old home she would not utter a word. At last he asked
why she would not speak; and then she said:
'Tell me the secret of your birth.'
Then the prince was very sad and displeased, and although she pressed
him sorely he would not tell her, but always reply:
'If I tell you, you will repent that ever you asked me.'
For several months they lived together; and it was not such a happy
time for either as it ought to have been, for the secret was still a
secret, and lay between them like a cloud between the sun and the
earth, making what should be fair, dull and sad.
[Illustration: THE SNAKE PRINCE VISITS HIS WIFE]
At length the prince could bear it no longer; so he said to his wife
one day: 'At midnight I will tell you my secret if you still wish it;
but you will repent it all your life.' However, the princess was
overjoyed that she had succeeded, and paid no attention to his
warnings.
That night the prince ordered horses to be ready for the princess and
himself a little before midnight. He placed her on one, and mounted
the other himself, and they rode together down to the river to the
place where the old woman had first found the snake in her brass pot.
There the prince drew rein and said sadly: 'Do you still insist that I
should tell you my secret?' And the princess answered 'Yes.' 'If I
do,' answered the prince, 'remember that you will regret it all your
life.' But the princess only replied 'Tell me!'
'Then,' said the prince, 'know that I am the son of the king of a far
country, but by enchantment I was turned into a snake.'
The word 'snake' was hardly out of his lips when he disappeared, and
the princess heard a rustle and saw a ripple on the water; and in the
faint moonlight she beheld a snake swimming into the river. Soon it
disappeared and she was left alone. In vain she waited with beating
heart for something to happen, and for the prince to come back to her.
Nothing happened and no one came; only the wind mourned through the
trees on the river bank, and the night birds cried, and a jackal
howled in the distance, and the river flowed black and silent beneath
her.
In the morning they found her, weeping and dishevelled, on the river
bank; but no word could they learn from her or from anyone as to the
fate of her husband. At her wish they built on the river bank a little
house of black stone; and there she lived in mourning, with a few
servants and guards to watch over her.
A long, long time passed by, and still the princess lived in mourning
for her prince, and saw no one, and went nowhere away from her house
on the river bank and the garden that surrounded it. One morning, when
she woke up, she found a stain of fresh mud upon the carpet. She sent
for the guards, who watched outside the house day and night, and asked
them who had entered her room while she was asleep. They declared that
no one could have entered, for they kept such careful watch that not
even a bird could fly in without their knowledge; but none of them
could explain the stain of mud. The next morning, again, the princess
found another stain of wet mud, and she questioned everyone most
carefully; but none could say how the mud came there. The third night
the princess determined to lie awake herself and watch; and, for fear
that she might fall asleep, she cut her finger with a penknife and
rubbed salt into the cut, that the pain of it might keep her from
sleeping. So she lay awake, and at midnight she saw a snake come
wriggling along the ground with some mud from the river in its mouth;
and when it came near the bed, it reared up its head and dropped its
muddy head on the bedclothes. She was very frightened, but tried to
control her fear, and called out:
'Who are you, and what do you here?'
And the snake answered:
'I am the prince, your husband, and I am come to visit you.'
Then the princess began to weep; and the snake continued:
'Alas! did I not say that if I told you my secret you would repent it?
and have you not repented?'
'Oh, indeed!' cried the poor princess, 'I have repented it, and shall
repent it all my life! Is there nothing I can do?'
And the snake answered:
'Yes, there is one thing, if you dared to do it.'
'Only tell me,' said the princess, 'and I will do anything!'
'Then,' replied the snake, 'on a certain night you must put a large
bowl of milk and sugar in each of the four corners of this room. All
the snakes in the river will come out to drink the milk, and the one
that leads the way will be the queen of the snakes. You must stand in
her way at the door, and say: "Oh, Queen of Snakes, Queen of Snakes,
give me back my husband!" and perhaps she will do it. But if you are
frightened, and do not stop her, you will never see me again.' And he
glided away.
On the night of which the snake had told her, the princess got four
large bowls of milk and sugar, and put one in each corner of the room,
and stood in the doorway waiting. At midnight there was a great
hissing and rustling from the direction of the river, and presently
the ground appeared to be alive with horrible writhing forms of
snakes, whose eyes glittered and forked tongues quivered as they moved
on in the direction of the princess's house. Foremost among them was a
huge, repulsive scaly creature that led the dreadful procession. The
guards were so terrified that they all ran away; but the princess
stood in the doorway, as white as death, and with her hands clasped
tight together for fear she should scream or faint, and fail to do her
part. As they came closer and saw her in the way, all the snakes
raised their horrid heads and swayed them to and fro, and looked at
her with wicked beady eyes, while their breath seemed to poison the
very air. Still the princess stood firm, and, when the leading snake
was within a few feet of her, she cried: 'Oh, Queen of Snakes, Queen
of Snakes, give me back my husband!' Then all the rustling, writhing
crowd of snakes seemed to whisper to one another 'Her husband? her
husband?' But the queen of snakes moved on until her head was almost
in the princess's face, and her little eyes seemed to flash fire. And
still the princess stood in the doorway and never moved, but cried
again: 'Oh, Queen of Snakes, Queen of Snakes, give me back my
husband!' Then the queen of snakes replied: 'To-morrow you shall have
him--to-morrow!' When she heard these words and knew that she had
conquered, the princess staggered from the door, and sank upon her bed
and fainted. As in a dream, she saw that her room was full of snakes,
all jostling and squabbling over the bowls of milk until it was
finished. And then they went away.
[Illustration: 'QUEEN OF SNAKES, GIVE ME BACK MY HUSBAND']
In the morning the princess was up early, and took off the mourning
dress which she had worn for five whole years, and put on gay and
beautiful clothes. And she swept the house and cleaned it, and adorned
it with garlands and nosegays of sweet flowers and ferns, and prepared
it as though she were making ready for her wedding. And when night
fell she lit up the woods and gardens with lanterns, and spread a
table as for a feast, and lit in the house a thousand wax candles.
Then she waited for her husband, not knowing in what shape he would
appear. And at midnight there came striding from the river the prince,
laughing, but with tears in his eyes; and she ran to meet him, and
threw herself into his arms, crying and laughing too.
So the prince came home; and the next day they two went back to the
palace, and the old king wept with joy to see them. And the bells, so
long silent, were set a-ringing again, and the guns firing, and the
trumpets blaring, and there was fresh feasting and rejoicing.
And the old woman who had been the prince's nurse became nurse to the
prince's children--at least she was called so; though she was far too
old to do anything for them but love them. Yet she still thought that
she was useful, and knew that she was happy. And happy, indeed, were
the prince and princess, who in due time became king and queen, and
lived and ruled long and prosperously.
(Major Campbell, Feroshepore.)
Story DNA
Moral
Perseverance and unwavering love can overcome even the most daunting magical obstacles and transform sorrow into lasting happiness.
Plot Summary
A poor old woman discovers a snake in her pot, which transforms into a valuable necklace. She sells it to the king, but the necklace then transforms into a baby boy, who becomes the prince. Years later, the prince marries a princess who, following her mother's advice, refuses to speak until he reveals the secret of his birth. He eventually confesses he is an enchanted snake and disappears. After five years of mourning, the princess discovers her snake-husband secretly visiting and is given a dangerous task: to confront the terrifying Queen of Snakes. With immense courage, she succeeds, breaking the enchantment, and the prince returns to his human form, allowing them to live happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Collected by Major Campbell in Feroshepore (Firozpur, India), indicating it's likely an adaptation or translation of an Indian folk tale into English. The themes and motifs are common in South Asian folklore.
Plot Beats (15)
- An old, poor woman finds a snake in her pot, intending for it to bite her, but it transforms into a valuable necklace.
- She sells the necklace to the king for a large sum, ending her poverty.
- The king and queen admire the necklace, but it transforms into a baby boy in their jewel chest.
- The king and queen adopt the baby, celebrating his arrival, and he grows into a prince.
- An arranged marriage is made between the prince and a neighboring princess.
- The princess's mother instructs her to discover the secret of the prince's birth by refusing to speak until he reveals it.
- The prince, after months of silence and unhappiness, takes the princess to the riverbank at midnight and reveals he was a snake by enchantment, disappearing into the water.
- The princess lives in mourning for five years in a black stone house by the river.
- She discovers muddy stains in her room for two nights, then stays awake to find a snake, her husband, visiting her.
- The snake-prince tells her she repented asking his secret, but offers a dangerous way to break the enchantment.
- The princess must place milk and sugar in the room's corners and confront the Queen of Snakes at midnight.
- Despite extreme fear and her guards fleeing, the princess bravely confronts the terrifying Queen of Snakes, demanding her husband back.
- The Queen of Snakes promises to return him the next day, and the princess faints from relief.
- The princess prepares her house for his return, and at midnight, the prince reappears in human form.
- They return to the palace, reuniting with the king and queen, and live happily ever after, with the old woman becoming their children's nurse.
Characters
The Old Woman ◆ supporting
Poor, frail
Attire: Simple, patched clothing typical of a poor woman in the story's setting
Desperate, initially suicidal but resourceful and ultimately kind
Image Prompt & Upload
An elderly woman with deep wrinkles and kind, crinkled eyes, her silver hair neatly braided. She wears a simple, faded blue dress with a patched white apron, a thick brown shawl draped over her shoulders. Her posture is slightly stooped but sturdy, one hand gently resting on a woven basket filled with herbs. A gentle, knowing smile touches her lips. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The King ◆ supporting
Not explicitly described, but likely of strong build
Attire: Richly decorated robes, crown, jewelry
Greedy (initially), easily delighted, loving
Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged man with a neatly trimmed salt-and-pepper beard and wise, deep-set eyes. He wears an ornate golden crown adorned with rubies and sapphires, atop flowing silver hair. His attire consists of a rich, crimson velvet robe with intricate gold embroidery along the edges, layered over a dark tunic. He stands tall in a dignified posture, one hand resting on the pommel of a jeweled sword at his hip, the other holding a royal scepter. His expression is calm and authoritative, exuding quiet strength. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Queen ◆ supporting
Beautiful, regal
Attire: Luxurious gowns, fine jewelry
Excited, maternal, easily pleased
Image Prompt & Upload
A regal woman in her late forties with elegant silver-streaked hair swept into an intricate updo. She wears a flowing gown of deep royal blue velvet with gold embroidery at the bodice and sleeves, paired with a golden crown set with sapphires. Her posture is straight and dignified, one hand resting lightly on the head of a carved wooden throne. Her expression is calm and knowing, with a slight, serene smile. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Prince ★ protagonist
Handsome
Attire: Princely attire, fine fabrics
Secretive, loving, cursed
Image Prompt & Upload
A handsome young man in his early twenties with a strong jawline and determined expression. He has neatly styled short dark hair and stands in a confident, heroic pose with one hand resting on the hilt of a sheathed sword at his hip. He wears a royal blue doublet with intricate gold embroidery, a white silk shirt underneath, dark fitted trousers, and polished black boots. A rich, crimson velvet cape is draped over his shoulders, fastened with a golden brooch. A simple gold crown rests upon his head. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Princess ★ protagonist
Lovely
Attire: Initially mourning clothes, later beautiful gowns
Mournful, brave, determined
Image Prompt & Upload
A young adult princess with long, flowing golden hair and bright blue eyes. She wears an elegant, shimmering pale blue ball gown with delicate silver embroidery and a full skirt. A small, sparkling tiara sits atop her head. Her expression is kind yet determined, with a gentle smile. She stands in a graceful, poised posture, one hand lightly resting at her waist. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Queen of Snakes ⚔ antagonist
Huge, repulsive, scaly
Attire: Scales
Imposing, powerful, grudgingly merciful
Image Prompt & Upload
A tall, regal woman with pale, almost translucent skin faintly patterned with iridescent scales. Her eyes are serpentine with vertical pupils, glowing a faint yellow. Her long, jet-black hair is styled in an elaborate updo interwoven with living, coiling snakes. She wears a form-fitting, black velvet gown with a high collar and sleeves that flare like a cobra's hood, the fabric shimmering with a subtle scale-like texture. A crown of twisted black metal and emeralds rests on her head. She holds a long, elegant staff topped with a carved jade serpent, its ruby eyes gleaming. Her expression is cold, imperious, and cruel, with a faint, knowing smirk. She stands tall and poised, one hand resting on the staff, the other held out with a small, coiled snake draped over her fingers. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations
Old Woman's House
A humble dwelling with only a handful of flour left, containing a hearthstone.
Mood: desolate, impoverished
The old woman discovers the jeweled necklace instead of a snake.
Image Prompt & Upload
A humble, thatched-roof cottage at the edge of a misty ancient forest during twilight. The interior is visible through a small, glowing window, revealing a sparse room with a rough stone hearth where amber embers emit a soft, flickering light. On a worn wooden table, a ceramic bowl holds a mere handful of pale flour, emphasizing simplicity. Walls are rough-hewn timber, and the floor is packed earth. Outside, the forest is draped in soft fog, with last sunset hues filtering through bare branches. Colors are muted grays and browns, warmed by the hearth's orange glow. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration
River Bank
A riverbank where the old woman bathes and leaves her brass pot.
Mood: peaceful, fateful
The old woman intends to commit suicide by snakebite but finds jewels instead.
Image Prompt & Upload
Morning light filters through a gentle mist over a tranquil riverbank. Smooth, water-worn stones line the shallow edge where the clear, slow-moving water laps softly. On a large, flat rock near the bank sits a gleaming brass pot, its surface reflecting the pale gold sunrise. Moss and soft green grass cling to the earthy bank, dotted with small purple and white wildflowers. A few gnarled willow trees drape their branches toward the water, their leaves shimmering with dew. The atmosphere is quiet, serene, and touched with a hint of forgotten magic. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
King's Hall of Public Audience
A grand hall where the king receives petitions.
Mood: formal, opulent
The old woman presents the necklace to the king.
Image Prompt & Upload
Grand morning light streams through colossal stained-glass windows depicting royal lineages, casting vibrant patches of ruby, sapphire, and gold across the vast marble floor of the King's Hall. Towering pillars of polished white stone support a vaulted ceiling lost in shadow, from which hang immense, unlit iron chandeliers. At the far end, an empty throne of dark, carved oak sits upon a dais, flanked by heavy crimson curtains. The air is still and silent, with dust motes dancing in the sunbeams. The floor is a intricate mosaic of geometric patterns in black and white marble, leading to the foot of the throne. The atmosphere is one of immense, quiet authority and solemn grandeur. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Queen's Jewel Chest
A large chest where the queen's jewelry is kept, secured with a lock and key.
Mood: secure, magical
The necklace transforms into a baby.
Image Prompt & Upload
An ornate, gilded chest rests upon a carved marble pedestal in the center of a silent, vaulted royal treasury chamber. The chest is intricately detailed with filigree and inlaid mother-of-pearl, its heavy lid slightly ajar, revealing a glimpse of the dazzling treasure within. A single, ornate golden key protrudes from a complex lock. The stone chamber is lit by the cool, blue light of a full moon filtering through a high, arched window, casting long shadows. Dust motes dance in the moonbeams. The floor is polished obsidian, reflecting the scene. The atmosphere is one of hushed, eternal security and immense hidden wealth. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Princess's Black Stone House by the River
A little house of black stone built on the river bank, surrounded by a garden.
Mood: mournful, eerie, tense
The princess confronts the Queen of Snakes and the prince returns.
Image Prompt & Upload
A small, ancient house of rough-hewn black stone rests on the mossy bank of a slow-moving river at twilight. The sky is a deep velvet blue, the last hints of sunset painting distant clouds in soft lavender and peach. A thick, lush garden of wildflowers and overgrown herbs surrounds the house, glowing faintly in the dim light. The river reflects the darkening sky and the single warm, golden glow from a small window in the house. Mist begins to curl over the water's surface. Ancient, gnarled willow trees drape their branches near the bank, and fireflies start to blink among the foliage. The atmosphere is serene, mysterious, and deeply quiet. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration